Lumpy skin disease
A viral disease of cattle spread by biting insects, causing firm lumps across the skin.
Also: lumpy skin, Neethling disease
Lumpy skin disease is caused by a capripoxvirus related to sheep pox and goat pox. Biting flies, mosquitoes and ticks carry it between cattle, which develop fever, firm nodules across the skin, swollen lymph nodes and a sharp fall in milk. Most recover, but some die and many lose condition. First described in what is now Zambia in 1929, it spread through Africa and into the Middle East, then to south-eastern Europe from 2015 and across South and East Asia from 2019. In 2022 a large outbreak affected cattle across north-western India. Vaccination and insect control are the main defences.