Genomic selection
Choosing breeding animals by reading many DNA markers to predict their genetic merit early in life.
Also: genomic testing, genomic evaluation
Genomic selection uses a sample of DNA, usually from hair or a small ear punch, to read tens of thousands of genetic markers spread across the genome. By comparing these with the markers and records of many tested animals, breeders can estimate a young calf's breeding value for milk, fertility, health and other traits long before it has offspring. Dairy breeds adopted it from about 2009, and it has cut the time between generations sharply. Genomic tests also confirm parentage and screen for inherited defects and for genes such as polled or A2 beta-casein. In India, chips have been designed specifically for native zebu breeds.