Bali cattle (banteng)
Bali cattle, the tamed banteng of Indonesia, red-gold with white stockings.
Bali cattle are the domestic form of the banteng, Bos javanicus, a wild ox of the forests of Southeast Asia. They are named after the island of Bali, where they were probably tamed, and they are now kept across Indonesia, with smaller numbers in Timor-Leste, Malaysia and northern Australia. Bali cattle are red-gold, with white stockings and a white patch on the rump. Bulls darken to a deep brown or black as they mature. The wild banteng is endangered, so the domestic herds also keep its genes alive.
The animal
Bali cattle are medium-sized, lean and fine-boned, with short horns. The colour difference between bulls and cows is striking: cows and calves stay golden red, while bulls turn almost black, apart from the white legs and rump. They are fertile, calve easily, do well on poor tropical forage, and give a high share of lean meat. They are used for ploughing in rice and dryland farming and are a large part of Indonesia's cattle herd.
Madura and the mixed cattle
Bali cattle and zebu have been crossed in parts of Indonesia for a long time. Madura cattle, from the island of Madura off Java, are a stable mix of banteng and zebu ancestry. They are the cattle of the karapan sapi bull races and of the sapi sonok, a contest in which pairs of cows are judged for beauty and poise. Crosses of banteng and cattle produce sterile males in the first generation, as with the yak and the mithun.
A herd in Australia
In 1849, a small group of Bali cattle was brought to a British settlement at Port Essington on the Cobourg Peninsula in the Northern Territory of Australia. When the settlement was abandoned, the animals went wild. Their descendants now number in the thousands in what is today Garig Gunak Barlu National Park, and the herd is of interest to conservationists because it is free of the crossbreeding found in many Asian herds.
Worth knowing
- Bali cattle: Domestic banteng of Indonesia, red-gold with white stockings
- Banteng: The wild ox of Southeast Asian forests, now endangered
- Madura cattle: Indonesian cattle of mixed banteng and zebu ancestry
- Mithun: Another wild Asian ox tamed in its own right, a parallel to Bali cattle
Sources and further reading
Original text by the EveryCow desk, written with AI assistance and checked against the sources above. Customs are described as tradition, not as advice. If we have something wrong, tell us.
Banteng on EveryCow
The breeds written up so far, best known first.
🇮🇩 Indonesia and 5 moreBantengbanṭéng (Javanese/Sundanese)
A wild Southeast Asian ox; its tame form, Bali cattle, runs feral in northern AustraliaBanteng · Beef · Drought-hardy
🇮🇩 IndonesiaMaduraSapi madura
A small reddish-brown Indonesian hybrid of zebu and banteng, raced with a sledZebu · Sport · Quick and strong
Photo credits on this page
The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.
- Banteng: Magalhães, Public domain, source
- Madura: Vebra, CC BY 3.0, source