Tsetse fly
A blood-feeding fly of tropical Africa that spreads trypanosomes to cattle and people.
Also: tsetse, Glossina
Tsetse flies, of the genus Glossina, live across a broad belt of tropical Africa, from the southern edge of the Sahel to the Zambezi, in woodland, riverine forest and savanna. Both males and females feed on blood, and in doing so pass trypanosomes to cattle, causing nagana, and to people, causing sleeping sickness. Where tsetse are dense, cattle keeping is difficult, so the tsetse belt has long shaped where herding peoples live and how they move. Control methods include traps and screens baited with odours, insecticide-treated cattle and the release of sterile male flies, which removed tsetse from Unguja island in Zanzibar in the 1990s.